{"id":15792,"date":"2026-06-28T16:00:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T08:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/"},"modified":"2026-06-28T16:00:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T08:00:50","slug":"volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/","title":{"rendered":"L'administration optique volum\u00e9trique \u00e9limine les barri\u00e8res fibrotiques dans la fasciose plantaire chronique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les professionnels de la r\u00e9\u00e9ducation se trouvent souvent confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une impasse clinique dans la prise en charge de la fasciose plantaire chronique, car la matrice collag\u00e8ne dense et peu vascularis\u00e9e de l\u2019apon\u00e9vrose plantaire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit l\u2019\u00e9nergie optique superficielle standard. Les modalit\u00e9s standard \u00e0 faible intensit\u00e9 se dispersent au niveau du point d\u2019insertion calcan\u00e9en \u00e9pais, ne parvenant pas \u00e0 projeter une densit\u00e9 de photons th\u00e9rapeutique dans les zones de compression plus profondes du nerf plantaire m\u00e9dial. L\u2019utilisation d\u2019un syst\u00e8me clinique optimis\u00e9 \u00e0 haute fluence permet de surmonter cet obstacle structurel, en acheminant des profils d\u2019\u00e9nergie profonds \u00e0 longueurs d\u2019onde multiples \u00e0 travers des couches fibrotiques denses et r\u00e9ticul\u00e9es, directement vers les zones de gu\u00e9rison cibl\u00e9es, sans provoquer de l\u00e9sion thermique au niveau des tissus dermiques environnants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La synchronisation \u00e0 double longueur d'onde (980 nm\/1470 nm) permet de contourner les barri\u00e8res m\u00e9laniques superficielles afin d'optimiser l'absorption d'\u00e9nergie en profondeur au sein de l'articulation. La dynamique d'impulsion \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle de la microseconde \u00e9limine l'accumulation de chaleur au niveau de la surface, prot\u00e9geant ainsi les nocicepteurs p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques sensibles. Des r\u00e9seaux de diodes internes \u00e0 haute stabilit\u00e9 emp\u00eachent la d\u00e9gradation de la puissance de fonctionnement lors de s\u00e9ances cliniques cons\u00e9cutives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dynamique biophysique de la propagation des photons \u00e0 travers des tissus conjonctifs hyperdenses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour administrer une dose clinique pr\u00e9visible dans un tissu conjonctif chronique et \u00e9paissi, il faut surmonter les coefficients \u00e9lev\u00e9s de diffusion et de r\u00e9flexion inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 ces structures anatomiques sp\u00e9cifiques. La face plantaire du pied est constitu\u00e9e d\u2019un \u00e9piderme dense, d\u2019un coussinet adipeux sous-cutan\u00e9 fortement compartiment\u00e9 et des bandes de collag\u00e8ne r\u00e9sistantes du fascia plantaire. Conform\u00e9ment aux principes de transport de la lumi\u00e8re r\u00e9gissant les milieux biologiques denses, les longueurs d\u2019onde plus courtes subissent une r\u00e9trodiffusion imm\u00e9diate lorsqu\u2019elles rencontrent ces structures collag\u00e8nes denses, ce qui entra\u00eene une perte d\u2019\u00e9nergie en surface avant que la profondeur cible ne soit atteinte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour d\u00e9livrer une dose efficace de 6 joules par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 \u00e0 un fascia plantaire l\u00e9s\u00e9 situ\u00e9 \u00e0 une profondeur de 2 \u00e0 3 centim\u00e8tres pr\u00e8s de la tub\u00e9rosit\u00e9 calcan\u00e9enne, l'appareil doit recourir \u00e0 une approche coordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 double longueur d'onde. La longueur d\u2019onde de 1 470 nm interagit directement avec les mol\u00e9cules d\u2019eau pr\u00e9sentes dans le liquide interstitiel du tissu fibreux et oed\u00e9mateux, modifiant ainsi la pression du liquide environnant afin d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la d\u00e9compression. Dans le m\u00eame temps, la longueur d\u2019onde de 980 nm cible l\u2019h\u00e9moglobine pr\u00e9sente dans les microvaisseaux locaux, fournissant l\u2019oxyg\u00e9nation n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9tablir le fonctionnement cellulaire normal et r\u00e9activer les cycles de r\u00e9paration dormants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, le passage d\u2019une puissance \u00e9lev\u00e9e \u00e0 travers la peau comporte un risque de surchauffe des tissus superficiels, ce qui d\u00e9clenche une vasoconstriction locale protectrice. Pour att\u00e9nuer ce risque, des appareils sophistiqu\u00e9s utilisent un rapport cyclique pr\u00e9cis. En \u00e9mettant l\u2019\u00e9nergie par impulsions \u00e0 des intervalles de l\u2019ordre de la microseconde, la surface cutan\u00e9e b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de phases de relaxation thermique essentielles. Au cours de ces br\u00e8ves pauses, la microcirculation sanguine \u00e9vacue l\u2019exc\u00e8s de chaleur superficielle, tandis que la puissance de cr\u00eate \u00e9lev\u00e9e pendant la phase active propulse le front d\u2019onde lumineux en profondeur dans les structures vert\u00e9brales afin de d\u00e9clencher la r\u00e9paration cellulaire.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/class-4-laser-therapy94.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/class-4-laser-therapy94.jpg 400w, https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/class-4-laser-therapy94-300x281.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/class-4-laser-therapy94-13x12.jpg 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Param\u00e8tres d'approvisionnement en \u00e9quipements pour les centres de kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapie \u00e0 haut d\u00e9bit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les directeurs m\u00e9dicaux et les propri\u00e9taires de cliniques priv\u00e9es, l'\u00e9valuation d'un appareil de th\u00e9rapie au laser des tissus profonds destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la vente implique de ne pas se limiter aux arguments marketing de base, mais d'examiner la conception technique des composants internes et les syst\u00e8mes de protection thermique. Les cliniques pluridisciplinaires tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent\u00e9es ont besoin d'un mat\u00e9riel capable de fonctionner de mani\u00e8re constante d'une s\u00e9ance \u00e0 l'autre, sans n\u00e9cessiter de temps de refroidissement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Indicateur clinique d'approvisionnement<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Normes internes relatives au mat\u00e9riel<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Avantage op\u00e9rationnel pour les cliniques<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Gestion thermique des diodes<\/strong><\/td><td>Refroidissement thermo\u00e9lectrique (TEC) \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9tages sur des supports en cuivre massif<\/td><td>Maintient une puissance de sortie pr\u00e9cise ; emp\u00eache la destruction des diodes et la d\u00e9rive de longueur d'onde<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u00e9paration des longueurs d'onde<\/strong><\/td><td>Commande ind\u00e9pendante des circuits laser \u00e0 980 nm et 1 470 nm<\/td><td>Permet de d\u00e9finir des protocoles personnalis\u00e9s pour les probl\u00e8mes tendineux superficiels ou les compressions nerveuses profondes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Qualit\u00e9 du c\u0153ur de la fibre<\/strong><\/td><td>Gammes de fibres \u00e0 \u00e2me en quartz haut de gamme blind\u00e9es de 400 microm\u00e8tres<\/td><td>Offre une excellente transmission de la lumi\u00e8re ; r\u00e9siste aux fissures internes caus\u00e9es par les flexions quotidiennes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Validation r\u00e9glementaire<\/strong><\/td><td>Respect total des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 relatives aux lasers th\u00e9rapeutiques de classe IV<\/td><td>Garantit un apport \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pr\u00e9visible et le respect rigoureux des normes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 cliniques<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When assessing a physical therapy laser, managers must consider long-term serviceability and running costs. Affordable systems often use integrated single-board designs where a single diode failure requires shipping the whole console away for repair, stopping patient treatments for weeks. Selecting a system from an established manufacturer built with modular internal components allows local technicians to perform quick part swaps, keeping the clinic&#8217;s treatment schedules running smoothly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Registre des cas cliniques : protocole \u00e0 double longueur d'onde pour le syndrome d'enchev\u00eatrement calcan\u00e9en r\u00e9fractaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'ensemble de donn\u00e9es ci-dessous pr\u00e9sente en d\u00e9tail un programme de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation s'\u00e9talant sur plusieurs semaines, mis en place pour un patient souffrant d'une douleur au talon s\u00e9v\u00e8re et invalidante. Le plan de traitement a fait appel \u00e0 un appareil de th\u00e9rapie laser des tissus profonds \u00e0 haute puissance, disponible sur fotonmedix.com, afin de procurer une stimulation biologique en profondeur sans provoquer de g\u00eane thermique en surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Profil du patient et diagnostics de base<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c2ge \/ Sexe :<\/strong> 47 ans \/ Femme<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pathologie primaire :<\/strong> Fasciose plantaire chronique avec pincement au niveau de la tub\u00e9rosit\u00e9 calcan\u00e9enne m\u00e9diale (\u00e9paississement fascial de grade III confirm\u00e9 par \u00e9chographie musculo-squelettique)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9sentation clinique :<\/strong> Douleur matinale aigu\u00eb d\u00e9crite comme la sensation de marcher sur du verre bris\u00e9, sensibilit\u00e9 importante au niveau du tubercule calcan\u00e9en m\u00e9dial, score de douleur initial de 9\/10 sur l'\u00e9chelle visuelle analogique (EVA) et absence de r\u00e9ponse aux orth\u00e8ses classiques ou aux injections de corticost\u00e9ro\u00efdes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Matrice des param\u00e8tres th\u00e9rapeutiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Stade d'\u00e9volution clinique<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Semaines 1 et 2 (phase de d\u00e9compression)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Semaines 3 et 4 (phase de r\u00e9paration nerveuse)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Semaines 5 et 6 (Stabilisation fonctionnelle)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Distribution des longueurs d'onde<\/strong><\/td><td>60% \u00e0 980 nm \/ 40% \u00e0 1 470 nm<\/td><td>50% \u00e0 980 nm \/ 50% \u00e0 1 470 nm<\/td><td>40% \u00e0 980 nm \/ 60% \u00e0 1 470 nm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Puissance de sortie moyenne<\/strong><\/td><td>12 Watts<\/td><td>10 Watts<\/td><td>8 Watts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fr\u00e9quence d'impulsion<\/strong><\/td><td>30 Hz (mode d'impulsion synchronis\u00e9e)<\/td><td>500 Hz (mode superpuls\u00e9)<\/td><td>Onde continue (mode CW)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fraction du cycle de service<\/strong><\/td><td>Cycle de service 40%<\/td><td>Cycle de service 50%<\/td><td>100% Poutre continue<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fluence \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique cible<\/strong><\/td><td>8 joules par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9<\/td><td>6 joules par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9<\/td><td>4 joules par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00c9nergie totale de la session<\/strong><\/td><td>1 440 joules<\/td><td>1 080 joules<\/td><td>720 joules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Consultations hebdomadaires \u00e0 la clinique<\/strong><\/td><td>3 s\u00e9ances de traitement<\/td><td>2 s\u00e9ances de traitement<\/td><td>1 s\u00e9ance de traitement<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9tapes cl\u00e9s de la r\u00e9\u00e9ducation longitudinale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#091;Baseline: Week 0] -&gt; Severe Calcaneal Pain, Sharp Morning Steps, VAS: 9\/10, Thickened Fascia\n         |\n&#091;Loading: Week 2]  -&gt; Initial Relief in First-Step Pain, Increased Localized Blood Flow\n         |\n&#091;Repair: Week 4]   -&gt; 70% Pain Reduction, Fascial Thickness Diminishing on Ultrasound\n         |\n&#091;Remodeling: Wk 6] -&gt; Pain-Free Weight Bearing, Normal Gait Mechanics Restored\n         |\n&#091;6-Month Review]   -&gt; Active Running Restored, Zero Heel Pain, Sustained Functional Recovery\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the initial loading phase in weeks one and two, the high-intensity 12 Watt setting paired with a 40% duty cycle successfully bypassed the dense heel fat pad without irritating the sensitive, inflamed fascia. By week three, as morning pain began to decrease, the duty cycle was adjusted up to 50% to accelerate fibroblast proliferation along the damaged fascial matrix. By the end of week six, the patient&#8217;s VAS pain score dropped dramatically from 9\/10 down to 1\/10. The patient successfully returned to high-impact exercise routines, avoiding planned surgical fascial release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cascades respiratoires intracellulaires et m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9compression fasciale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le succ\u00e8s de cette approche clinique repose sur la stimulation d\u2019enzymes respiratoires cl\u00e9s au sein des cellules fasciales et nerveuses endommag\u00e9es. Comme l\u2019expliquent en d\u00e9tail les th\u00e9ories sur la signalisation cellulaire \u00e9labor\u00e9es par Tiina Karu, lorsque la lumi\u00e8re du proche infrarouge est absorb\u00e9e par les centres de cuivre et d\u2019h\u00e8me pr\u00e9sents au sein de la cytochrome c oxydase, elle d\u00e9place les mol\u00e9cules d\u2019oxyde nitrique qui s\u2019accumulent lors d\u2019un stress tissulaire chronique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'application d'un faisceau d'\u00e9nergie optimis\u00e9 provenant d'un laser de kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapie de haute qualit\u00e9 permet de lever ce blocage de l'oxyde nitrique. L'oxyg\u00e8ne peut ainsi se lier efficacement au complexe enzymatique, r\u00e9tablissant ainsi le flux normal d'\u00e9lectrons \u00e0 travers la matrice mitochondriale. La cellule est alors capable de produire davantage d\u2019ad\u00e9nosine triphosphate, fournissant ainsi l\u2019\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire au fonctionnement des pompes ioniques actives, \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019\u0153d\u00e8me intracellulaire et \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la r\u00e9organisation des fibres fasciales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parall\u00e8lement, la longueur d\u2019onde de 1 470 nm interagit directement avec les mol\u00e9cules d\u2019eau pr\u00e9sentes dans le fascia \u00e9pais environnant. Cette interaction modifie la viscosit\u00e9 des fluides extracellulaires accumul\u00e9s, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 \u00e9liminer les cytokines pro-inflammatoires pi\u00e9g\u00e9es dans l\u2019apon\u00e9vrose plantaire. La combinaison d\u2019une am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019\u00e9nergie cellulaire et d\u2019une \u00e9limination rapide des fluides r\u00e9duit rapidement la pression physique directe exerc\u00e9e sur les tissus du talon, offrant un soulagement durable de la douleur et une r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration structurelle que les traitements superficiels standard ne peuvent \u00e9galer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ sur l'approvisionnement \u00e0 l'intention des responsables des achats cliniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pourquoi un circuit interne de surveillance de la puissance est-il n\u00e9cessaire lors de l'\u00e9valuation d'un laser th\u00e9rapeutique de classe IV destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la vente ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De nombreux lasers de base se fient uniquement aux r\u00e9glages logiciels pour estimer la puissance de sortie, sans v\u00e9rifier la puissance r\u00e9ellement \u00e9mise par la pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 main. Au fil du temps, le vieillissement des diodes internes ou de minuscules courbures dans la fibre optique peuvent entra\u00eener une baisse de la puissance de sortie r\u00e9elle par rapport \u00e0 la valeur affich\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9cran. Un circuit de surveillance interne de la puissance en temps r\u00e9el permet de contr\u00f4ler l'\u00e9nergie r\u00e9ellement \u00e9mise au niveau de la pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 main, garantissant ainsi que le patient re\u00e7oive une dose pr\u00e9cise et constante \u00e0 chaque s\u00e9ance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En quoi la longueur d'onde de 1 470 nm aide-t-elle les cliniques \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la dur\u00e9e globale des traitements pour les probl\u00e8mes articulaires profonds ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La longueur d'onde de 1 470 nm cible les pics d'absorption de l'eau cellulaire, qui est fortement concentr\u00e9e dans les tendons enfl\u00e9s et les capsules articulaires. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son interaction tr\u00e8s efficace avec les mol\u00e9cules d'eau, elle modifie rapidement les pressions liquidiennes locales et r\u00e9duit le gonflement sans n\u00e9cessiter de longues dur\u00e9es de traitement. Cette rapidit\u00e9 permet aux cliniques de proposer des s\u00e9ances efficaces et \u00e0 fort impact pour traiter les douleurs articulaires et nerveuses profondes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quels sont les principaux signes avant-coureurs de la d\u00e9gradation des fibres auxquels les propri\u00e9taires de cliniques doivent pr\u00eater attention ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les premiers signes de d\u00e9gradation de la fibre comprennent une sensation de chaleur d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able au niveau de la zone de raccordement de la pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 main lors d\u2019une utilisation normale, ou la pr\u00e9sence de fuites de lumi\u00e8re visibles \u00e0 travers la gaine protectrice du c\u00e2ble. Ces probl\u00e8mes indiquent la pr\u00e9sence de fissures internes dans le c\u0153ur en verre qui diffusent le faisceau lumineux, r\u00e9duisant ainsi la dose th\u00e9rapeutique et risquant d\u2019endommager l\u2019appareil. Investir dans des fibres de quartz renforc\u00e9es d\u2019acier, con\u00e7ues pour un usage intensif, permet de se pr\u00e9munir contre ces probl\u00e8mes d\u2019usure quotidiens.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rehabilitation practitioners frequently face a clinical impasse when managing chronic plantar fasciosis, as the dense, hypovascular collagen matrix of the plantar aponeurosis reflects standard superficial optical energy. Standard low-intensity modalities scatter at the thick calcaneal insertion point, failing to project a therapeutic photon density into the deeper, entrapment zones of the medial plantar nerve. Utilizing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"themepark_post_bcolor":"#f5f5f5","themepark_post_width":"1022px","themepark_post_img":"","themepark_post_img_po":"left","themepark_post_img_re":false,"themepark_post_img_cover":false,"themepark_post_img_fixed":false,"themepark_post_hide_title":false,"themepark_post_main_b":"","themepark_post_main_p":100,"themepark_paddingblock":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[829,815,832,864,818],"class_list":["post-15792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industry-news","tag-physical-therapy-laser","tag-laser-therapy-machine","tag-deep-tissue-laser-therapy","tag-laser-therapy-machine-for-sale","tag-class-iv-therapy-laser"],"metadata":{"_edit_lock":["1782097136:1"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_aioseo_title":["Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis"],"_aioseo_description":["A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns."],"_aioseo_og_title":[""],"_aioseo_og_description":[""],"_aioseo_og_article_section":[""],"_aioseo_twitter_title":[""],"_aioseo_twitter_description":[""],"_aioseo_keywords":["a:0:{}"],"_aioseo_og_article_tags":["a:0:{}"],"catce":["sidebar-widgets4"],"wpil_sync_report3":["1"],"views":["94"]},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"fengmaiadmin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FotonMedix |\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-28T08:00:50+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-28T08:00:50+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns.\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#blogposting\",\"name\":\"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\",\"headline\":\"Volumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/fengmaiadmin\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/#person\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/class-4-laser-therapy94.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#articleImage\",\"width\":400,\"height\":375,\"caption\":\"Knee injury being treated with a red light therapy device pressed against the joint.\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"Industry News, Physical Therapy Laser, Laser Therapy Machine, Deep Tissue Laser Therapy, Laser Therapy Machine for Sale, Class IV Therapy Laser\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"News\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/industry-news\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Industry News\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/industry-news\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Industry News\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/industry-news\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Volumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"News\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Volumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/categorie\\\/nouvelles\\\/industry-news\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Industry News\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/fengmaiadmin\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/fengmaiadmin\\\/\",\"name\":\"fengmaiadmin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/251e3799fc0e3aa28192a4ec864ea6d0715aeaa153f1a97df75ebe456ebdc0e4?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"fengmaiadmin\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/\",\"name\":\"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\",\"description\":\"A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/fengmaiadmin\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/fengmaiadmin\\\/#author\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"FotonMedix\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fotonmedix.com\\\/fr\\\/#person\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro -->\r\n\t\t<title>Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis<\/title>\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"La th\u00e9rapie au laser de classe IV permet de traiter la fasciite plantaire chronique","description":"Analyse technique de l'utilisation de syst\u00e8mes laser th\u00e9rapeutiques de classe IV \u00e0 double longueur d'onde pour soulager les douleurs calcan\u00e9ennes profondes et l'\u00e9paississement fascial fibrotique sans provoquer de br\u00fblures.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#blogposting","name":"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis","headline":"Volumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/author\/fengmaiadmin\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/#person"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/class-4-laser-therapy94.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#articleImage","width":400,"height":375,"caption":"Knee injury being treated with a red light therapy device pressed against the joint."},"datePublished":"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00","dateModified":"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00","inLanguage":"fr-FR","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"Industry News, Physical Therapy Laser, Laser Therapy Machine, Deep Tissue Laser Therapy, Laser Therapy Machine for Sale, Class IV Therapy Laser"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/#listItem","name":"News"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"News","item":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/industry-news\/#listItem","name":"Industry News"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/industry-news\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"Industry News","item":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/industry-news\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#listItem","name":"Volumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/#listItem","name":"News"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#listItem","position":4,"name":"Volumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/industry-news\/#listItem","name":"Industry News"}}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/author\/fengmaiadmin\/#author","url":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/author\/fengmaiadmin\/","name":"fengmaiadmin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#authorImage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/251e3799fc0e3aa28192a4ec864ea6d0715aeaa153f1a97df75ebe456ebdc0e4?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"fengmaiadmin"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/","name":"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis","description":"A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns.","inLanguage":"fr-FR","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/author\/fengmaiadmin\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/author\/fengmaiadmin\/#author"},"datePublished":"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00","dateModified":"2026-06-28T16:00:50+08:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/","name":"FotonMedix","inLanguage":"fr-FR","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/#person"}}]},"og:locale":"fr_FR","og:site_name":"FotonMedix |","og:type":"article","og:title":"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis","og:description":"A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns.","og:url":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/","article:published_time":"2026-06-28T08:00:50+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-06-28T08:00:50+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Class IV Laser Therapy Resolves Chronic Plantar Fasciosis","twitter:description":"A technical analysis of using dual-wavelength class iv therapy laser systems to relieve deep calcaneal pain and fibrotic fascial thickening without burns."},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"15792","title":"La th\u00e9rapie au laser de classe IV permet de traiter la fasciite plantaire chronique","description":"Analyse technique de l'utilisation de syst\u00e8mes laser th\u00e9rapeutiques de classe IV \u00e0 double longueur d'onde pour soulager les douleurs calcan\u00e9ennes profondes et l'\u00e9paississement fascial fibrotique sans provoquer de br\u00fblures.","keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"BlogPosting","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-06-28 08:11:08","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"open_ai":null,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":[],"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2026-06-22 02:57:45","updated":"2026-06-28 08:11:08"},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/\" title=\"News\">News<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/industry-news\/\" title=\"Industry News\">Industry News<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tVolumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr"},{"label":"News","link":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/"},{"label":"Industry News","link":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/categorie\/nouvelles\/industry-news\/"},{"label":"Volumetric Optical Delivery Dissolves Fibrotic Barriers in Chronic Plantar Fasciosis","link":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/volumetric-optical-delivery-dissolves-fibrotic-barriers-in-chronic-plantar-fasciosis.html\/"}],"medium_url":false,"thumbnail_url":false,"full_url":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15792"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15820,"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15792\/revisions\/15820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotonmedix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}